Mechanical projecting apparatus



N. J. QUINN MECHANICAL PROJECTING APPARATUS Oct. 20, 1942.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Nov. 2, 1936 4 m Hill/W, (1/ 5 llllllllx 6 5 l. a w. 2 w as 2 HWIHHMHM H H W 9 4 l, lllillm 4 Pl! 1------ lulluN M 6/ 60 i 7 BY INVENTOR.

Oct 20, 1942. N. J." QUINN 2,299,4

MECHANICAL PROJECTING APPARATUS Original Filed Nov. 2, 1936 2sheetshee't 2 1N VENT OR.

ATTORNEYJZ Patented Oct. 20, 1942 MECHANICAL PROJECTING APPARATUS NelsonJ. Quinn, Toledo, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to QuinnexCorporation, Toledo, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware ApplicationNovember 2, 1936, Serial No. 108,802 Renewed August 5, 1938 20 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for projecting finely dividedabrasive material as used in the removal of coatings from surfaces ofvari ous kinds, although the apparatus in question may be used for theprojection of any sort of finely divided material.

The invention is partly a continuation of my copending applicationSerial No. 23,474, filed May 25, 1935, in so far as it relates to a pairof opposed disks with a feed pipe for admitting material therebetween,together with means for rotating the disks at a sufficient speed toproject the abrasive material by reason of centrifugal force.

Before I invented my improved device, machines for mechanically throwingabrasive had been of one of two types. In one type of machine theabrasive was fed through the blade shaft to the heels of the projectingblades. Because of the construction necessary for delivering theabrasive from the shaft to the blades it was very difficult to controlthe effective area of the abrasive stream which resulted in a large lossdue to inefficiently directing the abrasive against the surface to becleaned. In order to produce a mechanically satisfactory machine, it isessential that the abrasive stream be controlled to throw a stream ofuniform pattern and in a particular direction to gain the mostefiiciency from a given amount of grit. A second reason for controllingthe stream is that otherwise an artificial shield must be placed beyondthe blades to cut off portions of the stream and wear on this shield bythe abrasive is so rapid that the replacement cost becomes prohibitive.

A second form of throwing machine heretofore used employed a pluralityof revolving blades and means beyond the center and outside of the pathof the blades to feed material thereto. By positioning the feedingdevice it was possible to control the point at which the abrasive streamleft the blades. However, such a construction was not able to employmeans at the sides of the blades to prevent the abrasive from merelypour ing out over the paddle as it was fed thereto. The abrasive lostconstituted such a high percentage of the whole that, for this reason,operation of the machine was not only ineflicient but extremelyexpensive.

My invention is directed to a machine of the type employing a pluralityof radial paddles with radially extending side walls at the side edgesofthe paddles to prevent emission of the abrasive at any point other thanthe outer periphery of the wheel. In this manner I have been able toeliminate the very high loss at the sides of the paddles in the machinesof one type heretofore 55-flared annular ring formed by two conical porused. By employing two sets of paddles spaced slightly apart I have beenable to position a feed pipe between such sets of paddles for deliverinabrasive to the machine. With this construction I have eliminated theinefficient peripheral stream thrown by the type. of machine fed bymeans adjacent the supporting shaft.

My machine therefore combines two very important advantages by reason ofits two sets of spaced blades, each bounded on the outside by a soliddisk. In a machine of my construction there is absolutely no loss ofabrasive at the sides of the blades, but substantially all of thabrasive fed to the machine. is ejected peripherally as an ,abradingstream. Furthermore, my machine combines with this advantage thefeatures of a feed pipe which may be so positioned that a stream of thedesired cross-section may be emitted from the wheel at any desired pointabout its circumference, thus eliminating a further .very large abrasiveloss and resulting in greatly increased efiiciency.

The two sets of opposed blades coact with each other to pick up thematerial deflected from the .one and emit it from the machine by apaddle of the other set. This is very important because as the innersides of the blades are open, much material naturally falls ofi andwould be lost unless it were picked up by the other blade and ejected.

It has been found in the construction of machines of this type thatconsiderable difliculty is encountered in effecting a uniform divisionof the abrasive as it leaves the feed pipe and comes in contact with theheel of the projecting blades or recesses carried by the disks. Ineliminating this unequal division of abrasive a further difficulty isdeveloped, because the abrasive tends to leave the feed pipe alternatelyin a fine stream or in quantities so large that they are improperlyhandled by the projecting disks. The result of this action is thatinstead of a uniform stream of projected abrasive, there is anintermittent stream which considerably impairs the efiiciency of thestream and results in a waste of the abrasive.

It has therefore been an object of this invention to devise a feedingmeans for directing the abrasive from the feed pipe into the bladepockets in a substantially continuous stream which is equally dividedbetween the two opposed disks.

This is done by providing an open-ended feed pipe which drops theabrasive directly between.

the two disks. Between these disks an outwardly Referring now to thedrawings: i

Fig. l is a sectional view showing a portion one machine embodying mydevice and illustrating the disks, the feed pipe and theoutward- 1yfiared shell member; i

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the machine as shown by the line 22 onFig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section as indicated by the lines 3-3 on Fig..2, showing in detail the manner in which a blade is secured to thedisk;

Figs. 4 and 5 are an end elevation and transverse section respectivelyof a modified-form. ,of

construction eliminating stress in the side plates; and Fig. 4a is across-section of th blade employed;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section through a pairof disks showing a modifiedform of construction for the V-shaped dividing ring;

Fig. '7 is a section, as indicatedby the line 1.-l in Fig. 6, showing abladeconstruction employing V shaped heel as used in this modification;

8 is a further modification shown in vertical section employing a singleblade; and

Fig 9 is a. perspective of the double conical diverting shell by whichabrasive is fed to the heel of each of the projecting blades.

ihe projecting apparatus about to be described is supported in theusualform of stationary base, not shown, which carries a horizontalshaft I!) which may be rotated in any desired manner. A pair of disksI5, carried by the,shaft,.are fixed thereto by end plates ll, each ofwhich is rigidly fastened to the shaft and to its respective disk It.These disks act as an outside retaining Wallto prevent an overfiow ofabrasive at the sides of the projection device-and greatly increase thethrowing efficiency by causing all ejection to take place at the bladperiphery.

A cardinal feature of this invention is a double conical shell used toeffect equal division of the abrasive. This comprises a membersurrounding the shaft l0 and serving to space the disks 55, as shown inFig. 1.

A feed pipe 22 is provided, located as shown in Fig. 1 between the disksl5, and terminate above and to one side of the apex of the'shell 20, as

shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

A wear plate 2:1 is secured to the outside of the pipe 22, as shown inFig. 2, to eliminate undue wear as any excess of abrasive is thrownthereagainst by the revolving disks. The feed pipe itself is suitablysupported by a bracket 25, which in turn is secured, as at 26, to theframe of the machine, the bracket and feed pipepreferably being weldedtogether.

Blades or paddles are provided to project abrasive after the same hasbeen fed to the shell 29. As best shown in Fig. 3, these blades 31]comprise a hard metal trough-like portion with an upstanding wallportion 31 against the face of the supporting disk. The blade 31] isbrazed to an angl bracket 32, which in turn lies against 0 the disk l5and is secured thereto by a suitable cap screw at, which bears against areenforcement 36 lying against the face of bracket 32, as shown. It willbe noted in Fig. 2 that the outer portion of the blade 36 carriessubstantially no trough portion, and at the outer edge it is fiat exceptfor the upstanding edge 3!. Also, at the outer edge portion the bottomof the blade fiares outwardly and the flange 32 is shaped to conformtherewith. It has been found that in practice the peculiar shape of thisouter blade portion increases to a very considerable extent the bladelife.

Any given number of blades may be employed, althoughthree or four havebeen found to give satisfactory results, and any less than this number.resultsin an intermittent projection of the abrasive, while a greaternumber increases the cost. .Asshown in Fig. l, the blades carried by onedisk are spaced opposite to the blades carried by the other disk andcoact therewith to project a stream of abrasive from the machine. Animportant element of construction is presented by these opposed blades.Abrasiv spilled off the inner edge of one blade spills onto a followingblade of the coacting set and thus is efficiently thrown from themachine by that second blade.

It has been found that in the use of certain kinds of material there isa tendency for the same to be improperly guided to the heel of theblade. This may be eliminated by the provision of retaining flanges id,as shown in Figs. 1 and 2; secured to the rotating disks and functioningto retain the abrasive adjacent the shell 20 until guided on to the heelof the blade 3%.

A modification of my invention may be employed which provides spiders tocarry the blades and thus lightens the load on the disks l5. This spiderd5 has outwardly extendin arms '36 spaced apart. Between the two sets ofarms there is carriedthe usual conical shell member 23 which acts todivide the abrasive stream. L-shaped blades 50 are providedsubstantially similar to blades 39 with a vertical wall portion 5| atthe outer edges to eliminate wear on the adjacent disk I5.

A further modification of my device is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Here theusual disks l5 are employed, together with blades 35! mounted asheretofore described. In place of a shell 20, however, the lower portionof coacting blades project laterally, as shown at 66, and flareforwardly, as shown at 6|, to provide a guide for the abrasive stream,which functions as heretofore stated in place of the shell 2t. Ifdesired, the opposing blades may be separate, or may be made as a singleunit.

I have found in practice that for certain types of abrasive my machinemay advantageously employ blades 30a retained between a pair of disksand fed by a pipe disposed outside of the disks. In this form ofconstruction only half of the shell 20 is necessary, as shown in Fig. 8,to effect a uniform and proper distribution of the abrasive to theblades. This modification shown in Fig. 8 comprises a conical portion Itcarried by the shaft Hi. The disk H3 is secured to the shaft H] asheretofore described by a plate ll. Blades 30a, similar to thoseheretofore described, are provided and are secured to the disk l5. Anauxiliary disk [5a is provided with a central aperture of enlargeddiameter and is suitably carried by the disk I5. A feed pipe 22 extendsbelow the conical flange portion of the shell l0 and slightly forwardthereof, as shown in Fig. 2,

to feed abrasive to the blades 30a, by which said abrasive is ejectedfrom the machine.

The retaining flanges 40 shown in the preferred form of construction maybe employed in all the modifications.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that I have provideda projecting machine which, by reason of the conical shellconstruction,accurately divides the abrasive stream fed to the device and, further,permits the projection from the blades of a uniform stream of material.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanismherein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the followingclaims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, a rotatable shaft, ashell portion carried by said shaft flaring outwardly and terminating inan annular ring, a normally stationary feed pipe having a dispensingopening adjacent said annular ring, a blade support carried by saidshaft and rotatable with said shell, and blades of trough-shapedcross-section carried by said support and extending from a regionadjacent said annular ring a substantial distance outwardly.

2. In projecting apparatus for abrasive material, the combination of twospaced coaxially mounted blade supports, projector blades carried bysaid supports, a feed pipe for feeding abrasive to said blades, aconical shell rotatable with said blades for guiding the fed abrasivefrom said feed pipe to said blades, and a disk adjacent the outer sideedges of said blades to prevent sidewise projection of the abrasive.

3. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of ashaft, a pair of outer retaining disks coaxially carried by said shaftand spaced apart. a feed pipe centrally located between said disks, aset of throwing blades carried by each of said disks, and means carriedby the shaft to divert the abrasive leaving the feed pipe to the heelsof respective throwing blades.

4. In projecting apparatus for abrasive material, the combination of twospaced coaxially mounted blade supports, abrasive throwing bladescarried by said supports, a feed pipe for feeding abrasive to saidblades, and a conical shell rotatable with said blades for guiding theabrasive from said feed pipe to said blades.

5. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of arotatable shaft, a double conical shell portioncarried by said shaft, afeed pipe terminating above said shell portion adjacent its, greatestdiameter, a support for blades on each side of said shell portion, andblades carried by said supports. a

6. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of arotatable shaft, a double conical shell portion carried by said shaft, afeed pipe terminating above said shell portion adjacent its greatestdiameter, a support for blades on each side of said shell portion,blades carried by said supports, and meansto prevent the projection ofabrasive sidewardly from said blades.

'7. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of adouble conical shell portion, supporting spiders on each sideof saidshell portion, trough-shaped blades carried by said spiders, and a feedpipe for delivering abrasive between said blades to said conical member.

, 8. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive,

the combination of a rotatable shaft, a conical portion terminating inan annular rim carried by said shaft, a disk carried at the other end ofsaid conical portion, blades carried by said disk and abutting saidconical portion, a second disk carried by said first disk and having acentral portion of enlarged diameter outstanding from said conicalportion, a normally stationary feed pipe disposed at the outer side ofsaid second disk and within the confines of the annular rim of saidshell portion whereby abrasive fed from said pipe passes through theaperture of said second disk and is delivered to the heels of saidprojecting blades.

9. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, a horizontal shaft, athrowing blade carried by said shaft, a feed pipe for feeding abrasiveadjacent the heel of said blade, and an element rotatably carried bysaid shaft having a curved surface projecting laterally from the sideedge of said blade and in the direction of rotation thereof, saidelement underlying the discharge end of the feed pipe and terminatingadjacent the heel of said blade, said element being adapted to interceptthe abrasive as it leaves the feed pipe and guide the same onto the heelof the blade.

10. In an abrading machine, a rotor having a plurality of bladesterminating short of the axis of rotation of said rotor, a deflectordevice associated with each of said blades and rotatable therewith forguiding abrasive into the path of rotation of its associated blade, saiddeflector devices having a portion projecting laterally beyond theadjacent side edge of its associated blade, and an abrasive supplyconduit having a discharge opening operative to discharge abrasive intothe path of rotation of the projecting portion of said devicesthroughout a limited arc in the rotation thereof, said devices beingoperative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the abrasive supplyconduit and guide the abrasive axially inwardly onto the inner ends ofsaid blades throughout a limited arc in the rotation thereof whereby toconcentrate the abrasive thrown by said blades in a predetermineddirection.

11. In an ab-rading machine, a disk-like member mounted for rotation athigh speed, a plurality of abrasive propelling blades mounted on saidmember terminating short of the axis of rotation of said member, anabrasive deflecting elementforeach of said blades fixed to rotate withsaid member and positioned adjacent the inner end of its associatedblade, each of said deflecting elements having a portion extendingbeyond the adjacent side edge of its associated blades, and an abrasivefeed conduit having a discharge end arranged to deposit abrasive intothe path of rotation of those portions of the abrasive deflectingelements whichextend beyond the side edge of the said blades throughouta limited arc in the rotation thereof, said deflecting elements beingoperative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the feed conduit andguide the abrasive onto the inner end of saidblades throughout a limitedarc in the rotation thereof whereby to concentrate the abrasive thrownby said blades in a predeout intervening obstruction, said guidingdevice having a portion extending beyond the adjacent side edge of saidblades, and a downwardly extending abrasive feed conduit having adischarge end arranged to deposit abrasive upon the upper arc ofrotation of that portion of the abrasive guiding device which extendsbeyond the adjacent side edge of said blades, said guiding device beingoperative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the feed conduit andguide the abrasive onto the inner ends of said blades during the upperarc of rotation thereof whereby to concentrate the abrasive thrown bysaid blades in a generally downward direction.

13. In an abrading machine, a disk-like member mounted for rotation athigh speed in a substantially vertical plane, a device having anexterior abrasive guiding surface fixed to said member at the axis ofrotation thereof, a plurality of abrasive propelling blades extendingfrom said device without intervening obstruction radially outwardly inspaced relationship, said blades being fixed to rotate with said member,said device having a diameter less than the radius of said disk member,said device having an abrasive receiving portion extending beyond theadjacent side edges of said blades, and an abrasive feed conduit havingthe discharge end thereof positioned adjacent the upper arc of rotationof that portion of said abrasive guiding device which extends beyond theadjacent side edges of said blades, the abrasive guiding surface of saiddevice being operative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the feedconduit and guide the abrasive onto the inner ends of said blades duringthe upper arc of rotation thereof whereby to concentrate the abrasivethrown by said blades in a generally downward direction.

14. In an abrading machine, a disk-like member mounted for rotation athigh speed, a plurality of abrasive propelling blades fixed to rotatewith said member and terminating short of the axis of rotation of saidmember, an abrasive guiding device removably fixed to rotate with saidmember and positioned adjacent the inner ends of said blades, saidguiding device having a portion extending beyond the adjacent side edgesof the blades and another portion extending in close proximity to theinner end of each of said blades without intervening obstruction, and anabrasive feed conduit having a discharge end arranged to depositabrasive onto the outer surface of that portion of the abrasive guidingdevice which extends beyond the adjacent side edges of said bladesthroughout a limited arc in the rotation thereof, said guiding devicebeing operative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the feed conduitand guide the abrasive onto the inner ends of said blades throughout alimited arc in the rotation thereof whereby to concentrate the abrasivethrown by said blades in a predetermined direction.

15. In an abrading machine, ,a substantially horizontally extendingdrive shaft, a disk-like member fixed to rotate with said drive shaft, aplurality of abrasive propelling elements general- 1y radially arrangedand fixed to rotate with said member, an abrasive deflecting portionassociated with. each of said abrasive propelling elements, eachdeflecting portion extending beyond the ad jacent side edge of itsassociated elements and rotatable therewith, and a downwardly extendingabrasive feed conduit having a discharge end arranged .to. depositabrasiveupon the upper arc of rotation of said abrasivedeflectingportions throughout a limited arc to one side of the adjacent side edgesof said propelling elements, each of said deflecting portions beingoperative to intercept the abrasive as it leaves the feed conduit and toguide the abrasive onto the inner end of its associated abrasivepropelling element throughout a limited arc in the rotation thereofwhereby to concentrate the abrasive thrown by said propelling elementsin a generally downward direction.

16. In an apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of ashaft, a disc carried by said shaft, a feed pipe, a plurality of bladescarried by said disc, a deflector having a portion projecting laterallyfrom the side edge of and adjacent the heel of each of said blades androtatable therewith, the laterally projecting portion of each of saiddeflectors flaring forwardly from the plane of the abrasive receivingsurface of its associated blade, the laterally projecting portions ofsaid deflectors coasting with said feed pipe to receive abrasivetherefrom throughout a limited arc in the rotation of said disc andtodeflect the abrasive axially to be received by the inner ends of theblades and discharged thereby throughout a limited arc at the peripheryof said disc.

17. In an apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of ashaft mounted for rotation at high speed, a rotor carried by said shaftembracing a disc having a plurality of outwardly extending abrasivepropelling blade units provided thereon, each blade unit having acomparatively long abrasive accelerating and propelling surfacebeginning near the inner end and extending to the outer end of the bladeunit, the inner end of each blade unit embracing an axially directeddeflector portion projecting laterally beyond the side edges of theabrasive accelerating and propelling surface thereof into an abrasivepick-up zone, said deflector portion extending forwardly from saidsurface and being curved to provide a deflecting surface, a feed pipefor feeding abrasive onto said deflecting surfaces only while passingthrough a limited arc of rotation whereby the abrasive is received bysaid curved deflecting surfaces, deflected axially thereby and passedonto the accelerating and propelling surfaces of the blade units anddischarged from the rotor at an abrading velocity through a limited arcin the rotation thereof.

18. In an apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of ashaft mounted for rotation at high speed, a rotor carried by said shaftembracing a disc having a plurality of outwardly extending abrasivepropelling blades provided thereon, each blade having a comparativelylong abrasive accelerating and propelling surface beginning near theinner end and extending to the outer end of the blade, an axiallydirected deflector projecting laterally beyond the side edges of eachabrasive accelerating and propelling surface into an abrasive pick-upZone, said deflectors extending forwardly from said blade surfaces andbeing curved to provide deflecting surfaces, a feed pipe for feedingabrasive onto said deflecting surfaces only while passing through alimited arc of rotation whereby the abrasive is received by said curveddeflecting surfaces, deflected axially thereby and passed onto theaccelerating and propelling surfaces of the blades and discharged fromthe rotor at an abrading velocity through a limited arc in the rotationthereof.

19. In an abrading apparatus, a rotor mounted for'rotation at high speedand having at least one abrasive deflecting blade unit provided thereon;said unit having a comparatively long abrasive accelerating andpropelling surface beginning near the inner end and extending into theouter end of said blade unit, the inner end of said blade unit having anaxially directed deflector portion projecting laterally beyond the sideedge of the abrasive accelerating and propelling surface thereof into anabrasive pick-up zone, said deflector portion having a generally curveddeflecting surface, and means for feeding abrasive onto the curvedsurface of said deflector portion only While said curved surface ispassing through a predetermined arc of rotation whereby said abrasive israpidly deflected axially and introduced onto the inner end of saidaccelerating and propolling surface while the latter is passing througha predetermined arc of rotation and is discharged from the outer endthereof at an abrading velocity in a predetermined direction.

20. In apparatus for the projection of abrasive, the combination of ashaft, a pair of discs co-axially carried by said shaft and spacedapart, a feed pipe centrally located between said discs, blades carriedby said discs in opposed relation, axially directed deflectorsprojecting laterally from the heels of and beyond the side edges of saidblades, each of said deflectors having an abrasive deflecting surfaceflaring forwardly from the advancing face of its associated blade andco-acting with a similar deflector of the opposite blade carried by theopposite disc.

NELSON J. QUINN.

